Ubuntu Linux 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) - From Zero to Drupal 11 Setup

2025-05-01

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This guide walks you through the process of setting up a production-ready Drupal 11 site on a clean Ubuntu 24.04 LTS system. It includes installing Nginx, PHP 8.3 FPM, MySQL, SSL with Certbot, and optimizing your environment.

Step 1: Initial Setup

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install nginx php8.3-fpm php8.3-cli php8.3-mysql php8.3-gd php8.3-xml php8.3-mbstring php8.3-curl php8.3-zip unzip curl git mysql-server -y

Step 2: Enable and Configure UFW Firewall

sudo ufw allow 'OpenSSH'
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
sudo ufw enable

(Optional) Limit SSH (port 22) to specific IP addresses:

sudo ufw allow from YOUR.IP.ADDRESS to any port 22

Step 3: Set Up Nginx Server Block

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/drupal

Sample Nginx config:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name example.com;
  root /var/www/drupal/web;

  index index.php index.html;

  location / {
    try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
  }

  location ~ \.php$ {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
  }

  location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
    try_files $uri @rewrite;
    expires max;
    log_not_found off;
  }
}

Enable the site:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/drupal /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

Step 4: Enable SSL with Certbot

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
sudo certbot --nginx

Test auto-renewal:

sudo certbot renew --dry-run

Step 5: Configure PHP Opcache (Performance)

sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini

Ensure the following settings:

opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=2
opcache.validate_timestamps=1

Restart PHP FPM:

sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Step 6: Composer & Drupal Installation

cd /var/www/
sudo mkdir drupal && sudo chown $USER:www-data drupal
cd drupal
composer create-project drupal/recommended-project .

After installation:

cd /var/www/drupal/
composer require drush/drush
composer update

Then run:

drush updatedb
drush cr

Step 7: Set Directory Permissions

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal
sudo find /var/www/drupal -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/drupal -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Notes

  • The web root is /var/www/drupal/web
  • Manage Drupal using Drush inside /var/www/drupal
  • Keep Composer dependencies up-to-date regularly
  • Consider adding Redis or Varnish for further optimization
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